The principle of cryogenic freezing is mainly based on the phase transformation and thermal effects of substances at different temperatures. Specifically, when the temperature of a substance decreases below its freezing point, the thermal movement of the molecules slows down significantly, and the spacing between the molecules gradually increases, thus promoting the transformation of the substance from a liquid state to a solid state, i.e., the formation of frozen crystals. These frozen crystals continue to grow during the freezing process and eventually form a complete solid structure.
In this process, water molecules are fixed at specific locations in space, thus achieving the long-term preservation of matter. This fixation not only helps to maintain the original quality of the substance, but also effectively prevents the activity of microorganisms, thereby extending the shelf life of the substance.
In addition, cryogenic freezing involves complex heat conduction and thermodynamic processes. With an efficient cooling system, the temperature of the substance can be quickly reduced to the desired low temperature range, enabling rapid freezing. This flash freezing helps to reduce the formation of ice crystals, preserving the original structure and taste of the substance.
In general, the principle of cryogenic freezing is to achieve long-term preservation of substances by lowering the temperature of them so that they undergo a phase change and form frozen crystals. This process involves several physical and chemical phenomena such as heat conduction, phase transition, and thermodynamics.
