The mechanism of cryogenic freezing is mainly the process of transforming a substance from a liquid state to a solid state by using the phase transformation and thermal effects of a substance at different temperatures. When the temperature of a substance drops below its freezing point, its molecular thermal motion slows down and the molecular spacing increases, resulting in the formation of frozen crystals. These crystals grow over time, eventually forming a complete solid structure. In this process, water molecules or other molecules are immobilized in space, resulting in cryogenic freezing.
In cryogenic freezers, this mechanism is achieved through the synergy of the refrigerant circulation system and the control system. Refrigerants (such as liquid nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide, etc.) are injected into the refrigeration system, compressed by the compressor and turned into high-pressure gas, which is then cooled into a liquid through a condenser. After the liquid is depressurized by the throttle valve, it enters the evaporator and absorbs the heat of the frozen substance, reducing its temperature. In the evaporator, the refrigerant absorbs heat, becomes a gaseous state, and returns to the compressor to circulate again. In this way, the refrigerant is constantly circulating, taking away the heat of the frozen substance, and its temperature is continuously reduced, so as to achieve the effect of low-temperature freezing.
In addition, the control system also plays a key role in the cryogenic freezing process. It monitors the temperature of the frozen substance through a temperature sensor and transmits the temperature signal to the control system. The control system controls parameters such as refrigerant injection volume, injection rate, and injection method according to the temperature signal to achieve precise temperature control and freezing effect.
In general, the mechanism of cryogenic freezing is achieved through the phase transformation and thermal effects of the substance and the synergy of the refrigerant circulation system and control system.
