What is a cryogenic container?
Cryogenic containers are equipment for storing and transporting cryogenic liquids, usually named after the liquefied gases they store or transport, such as liquefied natural gas, liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, liquid helium, and liquid fluorine. These devices are widely used in many fields such as biomedicine, food industry, aerospace, and energy and chemical industry.
In the biomedical field
cryogenic containers are mainly used to store biological specimens, such as blood, cells, tissues, etc., among which liquid nitrogen tanks are the most commonly used equipment, which can freeze samples at minus 196 °C to ensure their biological activity and physicochemical properties. In the food industry, cryogenic containers are used to store and transport frozen foods, such as meat, seafood, fruits, etc., to ensure the quality and nutritional value of food during transportation.
In the aerospace field
cryogenic containers are used to manufacture aircraft and spacecraft components, such as brakes, engines, oxygen tanks, satellites, etc., to reduce stress, extend service life, and improve performance. In the field of energy and chemical industry, cryogenic containers are used to prepare chemicals and store energy products such as liquid natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas, providing a low-temperature environment to promote chemical reactions and increase production.
Cryogenic containers can be divided into two types: fixed and mobile according to the storage and transportation methods. Stationary cryogenic containers are mainly used for the production and supply of stored cryogenic liquids, while mobile cryogenic containers are used for short-distance and long-distance transportation of cryogenic liquids, including land transportation, water transportation, air transportation, etc., in the specific form of tankers, tankers, transportation tanks, etc.
In addition, the core technology of cryogenic containers is vacuum insulation technology, which has a variety of functions such as heat preservation, refrigeration, storage and transportation. The principle is to inject high-pressure insulation material to maintain the temperature of the cryogenic liquid in the closed space of the wall and thermal insulation layer of the storage tank, so that the cryogenic liquid evaporates or heats up at a very small rate, so as to retain its low temperature state.
In general, cryogenic containers are an important piece of equipment, and their wide range of applications and diverse functions make it play an indispensable role in modern society. For more information, you can consult relevant professional books and literature in fields such as mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, or materials science.
What is the principle of a cryogenic container?
The principle of cryogenic containers is mainly based on vacuum insulation technology and multi-layer insulation technology, which aims to maintain a stable low temperature state of the cryogenic liquid inside the container.
First of all
vacuum insulation technology is key. Between the walls and the insulation of the cryogenic vessel, a highly vacuum space is created. In a vacuum, heat conduction and convection are greatly suppressed because there are no gas molecules in the vacuum to transfer heat. In this way, it is difficult for heat from the outside of the container to be transmitted to the inside through the walls, thus maintaining the cold temperature of the cryogenic liquid inside.
Secondly
multi-layer insulation technology is also an important component. Multilayer insulation is usually composed of reflective screens and spacers alternating to form a multi-layer structure. Reflective screens reflect most of the radiant heat, while spacers provide a path with low thermal conductivity, further reducing heat transfer. This structure can effectively prevent the exchange of heat radiation between the cryogenic liquid inside the container and the external environment.
In addition
for certain cryogenic containers, other auxiliary technologies are used to enhance the insulation. For example, the use of highly efficient insulation materials and fillers to further reduce heat transfer; A cooling device is arranged on the outside of the container to maintain the low temperature of the container wall through external cooling; Advanced sealing technology prevents outside air from entering the inside of the container, thereby reducing the penetration of heat.
To sum up, the principle of cryogenic containers is to prevent heat transfer through vacuum insulation technology and multi-layer insulation technology, and to enhance the insulation effect through other auxiliary technologies, so as to maintain a stable low temperature state of the cryogenic liquid inside the container. The application of these technologies enables cryogenic vessels to efficiently store and transport cryogenic liquids in a variety of environments and applications.
