The working principle of a cryogenic freezer is mainly based on the principle of compression refrigeration. The following are the detailed steps of the working process of the cryogenic freezer:
Compression process
The refrigerant (such as R22, R407C, etc.) is sucked into the compressor at low temperature and low pressure, and is compressed into a gas with high temperature and high pressure inside the compressor. During this process, the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant increase.
Condensation process
After the refrigerant gas at high temperature and high pressure enters the condenser, it exchanges heat with the external environment through heat dissipation equipment (such as fan, water cooling, etc.), the temperature gradually decreases, and finally condenses into a high-pressure liquid. During the condensation process, the heat released by the refrigerant is dissipated into the environment.
Throttling process
When the high-pressure liquid refrigerant passes through the throttle valve (such as the expansion valve), the pressure and temperature will decrease due to the throttling effect, and it will become a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant.
Evaporation process
After the liquid refrigerant at low temperature and low pressure enters the evaporator, due to the low pressure in the evaporator, the liquid refrigerant begins to boil and vaporize, absorbing heat from the surrounding environment (such as objects to be cooled) to achieve the refrigeration effect. In this process, the refrigerant changes from a liquid to a gaseous state, while absorbing a large amount of heat.
Through the cycle of the above four steps, the cryogenic freezer is able to continuously absorb heat from the environment and transfer it to the condenser to dissipate it, so as to achieve the cryogenic cooling of the object. In the whole working process, the refrigerant completes the process of compression and expansion under the action of the compressor and expansion valve, and realizes the heat transfer and refrigeration effect.
In addition, cryogenic freezers can be equipped with other refrigeration principles, such as absorption refrigeration and thermoelectric refrigeration, depending on the specific requirements. However, regardless of the principle, the basic working process is similar, that is, the transfer of heat and the cooling effect are achieved through the cyclic flow and phase change of the refrigerant.
